Types of Bleeding in Apparel Printing
Dye Migration
Dye migration occurs when colour from the garment fabric moves into the printed ink, usually due to heat exposure during curing. This is most common with polyester fabrics and can cause white or light-coloured prints to appear pink, yellow, or grey.
Ink Bleeding
Ink bleeding happens when ink spreads beyond the edges of the design. This can be caused by excessive ink, incorrect mesh selection, or absorbent fabrics.
Wash Bleeding
Wash bleeding occurs after printing, when excess dye or improperly cured ink releases during washing and affects the surrounding print or fabric.
Common Causes of Bleeding
Fabric Composition
Polyester and poly-blend garments are more prone to bleeding due to reactive dyes used in the fabric. Cotton generally presents fewer bleeding issues.
Heat and Curing
High curing temperatures can activate garment dyes, causing them to migrate into the print layer.
Ink Selection
Using the wrong ink type for the fabric can increase the risk of bleeding. Some inks are not designed to block dye migration.
Preventing Bleeding in Custom Apparel
Proper Ink and Additives
Using low-bleed or dye-blocking inks helps prevent dye migration, particularly on polyester garments.
Controlled Curing
Lower curing temperatures and extended dwell times can reduce the activation of garment dyes.
Fabric Testing
Test prints are essential when working with new garment colours or materials to identify potential bleeding issues before full production.
Printing Methods and Bleeding Risk
Screen Printing
Screen printing can manage bleeding effectively when the correct ink system is used. However, thick ink layers may increase ink bleed if not controlled.
DTF and Heat Transfers
DTF printing can reduce dye migration when quality adhesives and white underbases are used, though heat settings remain critical.
Sublimation
Bleeding is not an issue in sublimation in the traditional sense, as the dye becomes part of the fabric. However, colour ghosting can occur if not controlled.
Common Use Cases in Australia
Bleeding is most commonly encountered in:
- Polyester sportswear and activewear
- Hi-vis workwear
- Dark-coloured uniforms
- Promotional garments with light-coloured prints
These garments are widely used across Australian industries, making bleeding prevention a key quality concern.
Practical Insights and Best Practices
To minimise bleeding:
- Choose garments tested for low dye migration
- Match ink systems to fabric types
- Always approve test prints for polyester
- Follow recommended washing instructions
Why Understanding Bleeding Matters
Bleeding can significantly affect print quality, brand presentation, and customer satisfaction. Understanding its causes and prevention methods allows printers to deliver consistent, professional results. In the Australian custom garment printing industry, managing bleeding is essential for producing durable, colour-accurate garments that meet professional standards.
